What is cetearyl alcohol in skincare?
Cetearyl alcohol is a blend of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, both fatty alcohols derived from plant oils such as coconut or palm. Despite the name it has nothing in common with drying alcohols like ethanol or isopropyl alcohol – it is a waxy solid, not a volatile solvent.
It works as an emollient, a thickener and an emulsifier, holding oil and water together so a cream stays a cream. It is one of the most common ingredients in moisturisers, conditioners and cleansing balms.
What skin concerns does cetearyl alcohol treat?
It softens and smooths the skin and helps reduce water loss, contributing to the barrier-supporting effect of the moisturiser it sits in. It gives rich creams their cushioned texture without a greasy finish.
It is generally very well tolerated, and safe for dry and sensitive skin. The two caveats: it is mildly comedogenic, so very acne-prone skin may find heavy creams built on it congesting, and contact dermatitis from cetostearyl alcohol is a recognised, if uncommon, reaction.
What ingredients are best paired with cetearyl alcohol?
It is a structural ingredient, so it appears alongside almost everything – glycerin and hyaluronic acid for hydration, ceramides and shea butter for barrier repair, and actives it helps deliver evenly.
If you have persistent unexplained reactions to moisturisers, fatty alcohols are worth raising with a dermatologist for patch testing. For most people, it is simply what makes a good cream feel good. Take our Skin Quiz.
What is dry skin?
Dry skin – xerosis in clinical terms – is a skin type that lacks oil rather than water. It feels tight after cleansing, looks flaky or rough, may show fine cracking, and often reads dull because the uneven surface scatters light.
It is worth separating dry skin from dehydrated skin: dryness is a lack of lipids and is usually lifelong, while dehydration is a temporary lack of water and can happen to oily skin too. Many people have both at once.
What causes dry skin?
At the root is a compromised moisture barrier. When ceramides, cholesterol, fatty acids and natural moisturising factors run low, water evaporates out of the skin faster than it can be replaced.
Age, genetics, cold weather and low humidity, long hot showers, harsh surfactants, over-exfoliation, some medications, and conditions such as eczema and psoriasis all deplete those lipids. Consistent moisturising is the single intervention with the strongest evidence behind it.
What ingredients are best for dry skin?
Rebuild in layers. Humectants such as hyaluronic acid, glycerin, urea and panthenol draw water in; emollients such as squalane, jojoba oil and shea butter smooth the surface; and occlusives seal the whole thing in.
Ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids are the priority, because they replace exactly what a dry barrier is missing, with niacinamide helping the skin make more of its own. Apply to damp skin, and swap foaming cleansers for cream or oil-based ones. Take our Skin Quiz to find the right combination for your skin.
